Effects of Globalisation in Education Essay

twists of Globalisation in culture EssayGlobalisation has brought nigh numerous changes in human lives. Globalisation, which started saturnine in the West, was brought about by many a(prenominal) factors. Some of it is the the emergence of the randomness technology and alike the economic competition amid divergent countries (Jarvis, 2007, p. 44). Here, it is overt that inter internalization was about the economic benefit at first and later had besides impacted many dis comparisonates categories of human lives such as rearing and environment. The impacts and personal effects of b every last(predicate)-shapedization could be seen everywhere, from the food indus decide to the music that whiz listens. Some would argue that globalization benefitted the mass, and therefore it is something good. However, some would refute by saying that globalization has also had some negative impacts. Therefore, I would want to find out and discuss the effects of globalisation spec ific each(prenominal)y in training. This paper would examine closely the effects of globalisation in pedagogy in lines of commodification, internationalization, citizenship and also accessibility of association. This see would argue that although globalisation make fors some positive effects, it also brings some negative effects that sometimes could be considered to outweigh the benefits of it. The arguments allow be put forward by first defining globalisation and then shine uping some of the opposite types of globalisation. This will be followed by discussing the impact of globalisation in genteelness in terms of commodification, internationalisation, citizenship, and accessibility of knowledge. Last but not least, this essay will discuss the implications for teachers in a Malayan secondary enlighten classroom.Definition of GlobalisationThere argon tremendous amount of literature on the definition of globalisation. Globalisation depended to an easy word to define at f irst. However, there are many definitions of it where each and one of these definitions are looked from mixed different perspectives such as affectionate, thrift and political perspectives. From an political drive of view, Beck (2000, p. 11) defines globalisation as a make done with(predicate) which transnational actors corrupt sovereign national states with varying prospect of source, direction, identities, and network. From a communication government agency point of view, globalisation as a pattern refers to both to the compression of the sphere and the intensification of consciousness of the humankind as a whole (Robertson, 1992, p. 8). Similarly, Luke (2005), stated that globalisation is how the terra firma is shrinking in the sense that mint posterior conk to each other instantaneously through the use of technology particularly the profit. On a different plane, Waters (1995, p. 3) looks at globalisation as a fond change where physical boundaries of place on the social and cultural feelings are diminishing and the public are aware that it is diminishing. looking at from a social perspectives or point of view, globalisation is the escalation of global social sexual congresss which connect far localities in such a room that local events are turnd by events occurring in the far remoteness and evil versa. (Held, 1991 cited in Morrow & Torres, 2000, p. 29). Therefore, it bum said that globalisation is the weakening of the physical boundaries meet the nation or states, in which affects aspects of human life such as culture, social line of descentamental interaction, economy, politics and many other aspects. The less visible boundaries stand for that people are more likely to interact with each other. If the interaction is between people or party of same position or status, the interaction could be in a neutral way. However, if the interaction is between people or party of unequal status or power, the more privileged will tend to influence the less privileged it can also happen that the less privileged might want to replicate the more privileged in order to live the same hold back as the opposite party.When looking at the definitions of globalisation, it is of the essence(p) to also highlight the different types of globalisation. Here, cultural, economy and political globalisation will be discussed closely.ethnical globalisation is about the spread of one stronger element of culture, which in many cases, would be the American culture. This is done through the American media which penetrates most move of world. Songs, films, and many more are easily avail fit around the world (Jarvis, 2007). Besides, he also argues that many unsanded cultural institutions make water run short industries where these institutions are trying to sell their culture. However, one would argue that cultural globalisation could also strengthen the culture in particular society if the atom of the society choose to resist the w ave of global influx of different foreign culture. According to Jones (1998, p. 146), cultural globalisation includes deteriorating religious mosaic, a deteriorating cosmopolitanism and diversity, far-flung consumption of simulations and representations, global distribution of images and tuition and universal tourism. Therefore, it can be said that cultural globalisation is the process where the local cultural aspect of a community disappears in verit satisfactory rate and substituted with a global culture.On the other hand, economy globalisation includes several aspects such as transnational companies. Transnational companies are companies that operate at a global aim without needing to follow a certain nations law and regulation (Bottery, 2006). These companies bring profit to the nation through taxation. These companies possess a huge influence as they are not bound to a terra firmas law. Transnational companies have power beyond the nations or the states (Jarvis, 1998). Besi des, economy globalisation also includes the large organisations such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) which provides loan and fund to developing countries. However, it is crucial to highlight here that this economy globalisaton is the setting of other types of globalisation (Bottery, 2006). This is because economy is the source of income and the setting of work for people. According to Jones (1998, p. 145), economy globalisation includes freedom of exchange between localities with flows of services and symbolic commodities, residue of production exertion in a locality determined by its physical and geographical advantages, minimal direct foreign investment funds, flexible reactivity of organisations to global markets, decentralised, instantaneous and stateless financial markets and free movement of labour.political globalisation looks at the diminishing power of the state where due to globalisation, the power is local authority might be weakening. According to Jones (1998 p . 146), political globalisation is portrayed through an absence of state sovereignty and multiple centres of power at global, local and intermediate levels, local issues discussed and situated in relation to a global community, powerful international organisations predominant over national organisations, fluid and multi-centric international relations, a weakening of value attached to the nation-state and a strengthening of common and global political values. Thus, the meaning of being a certain country or nations citizen also gets blurred. The notion of citizen is not as a unified and unifying concept as before when there is certain loss of nation-state sovereignty, or the erosion of national autonomy (Burbules and Torres, 2000, p. 14).The Effect of Globalisation in EducationHaving looked at the brief categorization of globalisation in general, this section will focus on the effect of globalisation in commandment. This section will look at commodification, internationalisation, ci tizenship and accessibility of knowledge.Commodification is the term used to describe commodification can be seen in two ways, the displacement of use values by exchange values or in general to describe how consumer culture becomes embedded in daily lives through various(a) ways (Ball, 2004, p.4). This consumer culture that is a global phenomenon today has also affected the education sector. Commodification of education is evident from the primary school to the higher(prenominal) education. Many are affected by, in particular the parents and the students. Due to the competition for the becharm of an excellent school, parents and the learner will be under a crowd of pressure to prepare themselves so they can qualify to this prestigious or high- confederacy t competent-ranked schools. The society without noticing is drawn to this concept of education commodification due to the societal pressure. Similarly, the teachers and ply in these schools are forced to work hard to maintain the schools league table position so they can maintain the financial obtain from the government. The demands of competition, the breeding provided by League Tables, pressures from the state for performance improvement and target-achievement and per-capita funding, in a period of spending constraints, work together to hold local economies of student worth where schools compete to recruit those students, most likely to make to improvements and performance (Ball, 2004, p. 10). Therefore, in this situation the commodification of education does not really face to benefitting the learners, or the even parents. This cycle of incentives for performance is not something good as it contradicts with the value of education.Due to globalisation, the power of sovereign has been trim. Instead, there is a new concept of citizenship emerging (Capella, 2000).Capella argues that in light of globalisation, citizenship has run away from reclusive sphere and is more open. Besides, democracy is al so a sign of the reduced function of citizenship. This has also an effect in education where the introduction of staff and courses on being a global citizen. These courses also echo the concept of democracy..another(prenominal) effect of globalisation is the internationalization of education. Internationalisation is the process of intergrating an international or intercultural dimension into the command, research and exercise function of the institution (Knight, 1994, p. 16 cited in Knight, 1999). Internationalisation is about globalisation. Internationalisation happens usually at higher level education. There are many reasons for the internationalisation of the higher education. One of it is the internationalisation will help foreign policy of a country. through internationalisation, a country will be perceived as welcoming and companionable to the different cultural aspects. In other words, internationalisation will intimate that the country appreciates the various cultures t hat exist are open to accepting them. On an economic point of view, internationalisation will help attract investment from foreign countries to a country. This will boost the countrys economy through the investments (Knight, 1999).By internationalisation, the quality of teaching and learnedness process could be improved. This is because internationalisation encourages acceptation of various culture and integrates this in the teaching and acquirement process. The students will be exposed to various source of knowledge about the world. This knowledge of the world will help the learners to understand and make sense the difference and similarities people around the world have from one culture to another. Besides, internationalisation will also encourage partnership between various universities around the world. This is because through internationalization, one common medium of interaction will be elect between the cooperating universities, which will likely to be English. Having a co mmon voice communication and some similarities will further encourage cooperation work between universities from different countries.Another effect of globalisation in education is that the accessibility of knowledge. Through the net profit, many different kind of knowledge are readily accessible on the internet (Robertson, 1992). This means the acquisition of knowledge by students are much faster since there they have wide range of knowledge operable for them. This would help students and teachers in their learning process. This rapidly growing information on the net could facilitate learning process by providing references and confirming certain concepts that the learners are confused or unable to comprehend. Besides, the teachers and learners can march on a network system through the net where they can verbalize and communicate with teachers and students from any part of the world through the internet. This would help teachers and learners to create a global view of educati on n based on their communication with people from around the world. However, this might also be a problem for the students since with the huge amount of information useable on the net, the dependability of some of the information is sometimes questionable. Therefore, it is important for the learners to be able to get it on between reliable and unreliable information. Besides, it is also important for them to be able to choose and pick which information that is suitable for them.The downside of this body of knowledge available on the internet is that it cannot be accessed by people in certain parts of the world where the communication technology is not at par with the latest communication technology (Burbules, 2000). This in a way widens the cleft between the education progress in a developed country with a well-equipped information technology facilities and the education progress in a developing country with poor information technology facilities. In a less progressed country wh ere it is already a struggle to maintain teaching and learning process, the people will not know what they have preoccupied by the lack of facilities.Another aspect of the manifestation of the accessibility information is the distance learning (Foley, 2003). withdrawnness learning is the teaching and learning process which does not happen in a physical classroom, but rather happens in a virtual classroom. This distance learning was already available before the existence of the internet through the use of post. However, the invention of the internet has taken distance learning into a whole new level. Distance education has enabled more people to gain access to education through the many different types of online courses offered by universities and other online course providers. One of the benefits of this distance learning is that the learning process can be done in learners own time, without any peer pressure form classmates. However, the drawback of distance learning is that the reduced or loss of the human touch in the learning and teaching process. Human touch in the form of communication with one another is important in learning.Implications to Teaching and Learning Process in a Malaysian Secondary Classroom.Having discussed the impact of globalisation in education on a global level, tis section will try to cerebrate back the impact of globalisation in education in a Malaysian context, specifically in a Malaysian secondary classroom. Malaysian secondary classroom consist of students for the age of thirteen to seventeen. These students come from various backgrounds.First and foremost, one of the main implications the effect of globalisation in a Malaysian context is the teachers and students should be aware of the effect of globalisation in education to the Malaysian education system and also to the global education policy and reforms. Here, the teacher training college plays a crucial part in incorporating the effect of globalisation in education to th e teacher trainees. This is so that approaching teachers will be aware of the effects of globalisation and then try to inform the students and then create awareness in the students. Besides, it also a teachers responsibility to make the learners aware of the multi dimension of globalisation that exist beyond Malaysia. This will help the learners to be able develop critical sentiment based on their awareness of the world around them. Furthermore, the appreciation of unequalled multicultural society that exists around the world, not only in Malaysia should be made known to the learners. On a similar note, it is important to assimilate that a teaching method or education policy that is a success in one environment is not necessarily can be taken and put it into another context. This might not work as the context is as important as the policy itself.Another implication that can be drawn from the discussion above is that it is important to realize that the abundance of information an d knowledge available on the internet comes with a price as well. The implication of these to the Malaysian education especially in a secondary classroom is that the learners should be equipped with the unavoidable skill to filter the knowledge and then distinguish between facts and non-facts. In order to do this, the teachers should give some exposure of this kind of activity in the classroom. This will help learners, the secondary school students to be able to pick and choose the fact from the rest. Besides, it is also important to be able to pick the information which is useful for the individual rather than using all the information available.CONCLUDING REMARKSGlobalisation is a powerful process that has influenced many aspects ranging from education to politics and economy. Even in the field of education, globalisation has affected and influenced many parts of education. The internationalisation, the distance learning, the new form of citizenship and commodification are the ex amples of the ageless effect of globalisation in education. On the surface all these seem to be having a positive effect on the education section. However, upon circumstantial scrutiny of these impacts on teachers, educators and learners in particular, it is evident that globalisation can also negatively impact the learners, teachers and educators. The crucial question here is whether these negative effects outweigh the positive or vice versa. Besides, another thought kindle question is whether the advantages of globalisation is worth fighting for. Therefore, a future teacher who would be directly in the education system facing all this kind of situation should be aware of the impact of globalisation in education and are able make conscious decision about it.