Type 2 Diabetes

Living with Type 2 Diabetes Introduction Diabetes is a degenerative disease that occurs either when the pancreas does non produce enough insulin or when the corpse cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates telephone line dulcorate. Hyperglycemia, or elevated blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over clock leads to serious dam days to many of the bodys systems. No cure has been found for this disease. However, an historic part of managing diabetes is halting a well weight through a size suit fitted diet and exercise plan. Olokoba, Obateru, Olokoba, 2012) Type 1 diabetes (previously k at one timen as insulin-dependent, upstart or childhood-onset) is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires periodic administration of insulin. The construct of type 1 diabetes is not completen and it is not pr neverthelesst able with original association. Symptoms include excessive excretion of urine (poly uria), thirst (polydipsia), constant aridness (polyphagia), weight loss, vision changes, and fatigue. These symptoms whitethorn occur rapidly. Mosorovic, Brkic, Nuhbegovic, Pranjic, 2012) Type 2 diabetes (formerly rallying cryed non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset) results from the bodys ineffective use of insulin. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90% of sight with diabetes, and is largely the result of excess body weight and somatic inactivity. Symptoms may be similar to those of Type 1 diabetes, plainly be often less obvious. As a result, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, once complications have already arisen. (Mosorovic, Brkic, Nuhbegovic, Pranjic, 2012) Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of d runh in the United States, tincting 25. gazillion people of all ages (8. 3 percent of the U. S. population). Of the 25. 8 million stirred people, 7. 0 remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, lower-limb amputations , and new cases of sightlessness among adults in the United States. (http//diabetes. niddk. nih. gov) Meet Mrs. M, who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at the age of 35. Mrs. M is now 57 years ancient. She has learned that although in that respect is no cure for type 2 diabetes, it can be managed. She is aw ar that in order to better manage this disease she needs to eat well, exercise, and support a tidy weight.Mrs. M has graciously agreed to be interviewed. We ordain learn more around her, how she copes with this disease, and her struggle in maintaining a healthy weight by incorporating healthy grooming in her animatenessstyle. I pass on use the five holistic variables within the Neuman Systems Model (NSM) to identify how Mrs. Ms internal and external environment atomic descend 18 affected. I pass on as well as assess Mrs. Ms learning needs and stick out a trustworthy and reliable imaging from which she can benefit from. sensible Variable Mrs. M was diagnosed wi th type 2 diabetes at the age of 35 when she became pregnant with her last child.During a routine recompenses visit, it was find Mrs. M was gaining a significant amount of weight. Around her 24th calendar week of pregnancy, the doctor ordered she have a glucose test. The test showed a elevated take aim of sugar in her blood. The test was repeated and once again, it showed that her glucose level was higher than normal and in that location was also sugar in her urine. At that point, the doctor diagnosed her with gestational diabetes. In 1990, the only thing that was prescri retreat was that she buzz move out administering a daily injection of insulin. This came as a completely violate to Mrs. M. She had neer even heard of this thing called diabetes.Even more disturbing was the accompaniment that she, and her unborn baby, was now carrying this disease. The doctor advised Mrs. M that although the glucose could reach and affect her baby, the insulin would not cross over to the baby. She was pleased with the news that once she delivered the baby, she would mother to her normal diabetic state. The doctor informed Mrs. M the importance of checking her blood glucose and maintaining a healthy diet after the birth. This would help to reduce her chances of underdeveloped type 2 diabetes. Despite the testimonys, Mrs. M ended up create type 2 diabetes.For the past 22 years, Mrs. M has been living with this inveterate disease. Her medication has been changed several measures throughout the years. At the moment, she is taking metformin 500mg and 4 units of Humilin in the morning. From the last time Mrs. M was seen by her patriarchal c atomic number 18 physician, these were her results she weighed 170 pounds, blood pressure was 122/78, average blood sugar was 125 mg/dL, average hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c) average was 5. 98%, her cholesterol and triglyceride levels were within normal limits, her kidneys were on the job(p) well, and no obvious sores or infectio ns of her feet or skin.Her last optome shew visit showed no problems with her vision. She knows dental exams and cleaning are important and makes sure to visit the dentist every six months. In assessing Mrs. Ms physical variable, I determined that the lack of knowledge astir(predicate) diabetes as a major stressor. Mrs. Ms doctor visits have been a major resource. Socio-cultural Variable She is a conventional Mexican woman and her cooking or eating habits have never been a concern. She has always cooked traditional Mexican dishes, which are high in fat. She never learned to cook or eat healthy.It is a belief of Mrs. M that anything that is low fat, nonfat, or essentially healthy moldiness not taste swell. Mrs. M was recently laid off and is unemployed, leave her with no insurance. She does not want to visit the doctors view because she says that it is too expensive. Not only does she have to pay for her medication, but also the doctors visit and the laboratory bill. This has g iven her motivation to try to abide weight. She does realize that if she loses weight, she could possibly be able to get off the medications she is on.At this point, she is walking on a daily basis but until now finds it hard to start healthy eating habits. She would like to learn how to maintain a healthy diet that she and her family can benefit from. It is hard for her to bruise free from all the foods she has loved all her life. However, she realizes it is necessary to make this drastic change in order to help her lose the weight. In assessing Mrs. Ms social-cultural variable, I determined that the lack of insurance as a major stressor. Mrs. Ms motivation and go forthingness to lose weight are major resources. Psychological VariableJust like everyone else, Mrs. M has sound days and naughty days. On most days, she feels motivated and hopeful that she bequeath be able to better control her diabetes and get off her medicine. She goes on daily walks and very enjoys it when he r daughter goes with her. She says that when her daughter goes on these walks with her, it makes the time go by debauched and she real enjoys the time they spend together. These walks serve not only to lose weight but also as a distractor. Mrs. M uses this time to talk about her day and about life in general. However, there are days that are not so good for Mrs. M.thither are days where she feels defeated and burned out by her diabetes. She feels like she is old now and her health is slowly declining. She has had this disease for so long now and doesnt see any improvement. It has been a standing(prenominal) process for her and that really frustrates her. There are days when she gets angry that she cant eat certain foods and that she has to take medications to be able lead a carriage normal life. Some days, she feels like just giving up and permit God decide her faith. In assessing Mrs. Ms psychological variable, I determined her olfaction of defeat is a major stressor. Mrs.Ms daily walks with her daughter are a major resource. Spiritual Variable Mrs. M is a devoted Catholic. She has complete faith in God, the Catholic Church, and the actor of prayer. Mrs. M feels our whole universe isnt controlled by human beings, but by God. Her life, past and future, lies solely in Gods transfer. There is no question in her mind that there is an afterlife, where her soul and olfactory sensation will rise to and will go to a better place. She is not scared of death. She looks forward to the day when she will be at peace of mind and free of worries and pain a place where she will live eternally, dear of happiness and joy.She anticipates the day when she can reunite with her father and be able to see him, talk to him, and hold him again. Mrs. M feels she has lived a gratifying and good life. She says she has been blessed to have had the opportunity to live and experience this thing we call life. She knows her disease has many health consequences and feels that if som ething fall outs to her, God made it happen for a reason. He controls her life and she is willing to accept what he has obstinate for her. In assessing Mrs. Ms spiritual variable, I determined that there is no stressor twisting. Mrs.Ms faith in God is a major resource. Developmental Variable Stage of development Generativity vs. Stagnation is Erik Eriksons blink of an eye psychosocial development stage of adulthood and happens between the ages of 25-64. During this time, we establish our careers, settle blue within a relationship, begin our own families and develop a sense experience of being a part of the bigger picture. We give back to confederacy through raising our children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. By failing to achieve these objectives, we become stagnant nd feel unproductive. Mrs. M is in the Generativity stage. (Craven, Hirnle, 2009) Tasks of developmental stage Mrs. M is married with 4 grown children, and will celebrate her 36th spousal anniversary on December 14, 2012. Mrs. M was born in Jalisco, Mexico and locomote to the United States when she was 21 years old. Her ideas and customs still remain traditional to the Mexican culture. Mrs. M was raised with the idea that family should come before everything, even herself. Mrs. M put her education on hold to be able to provide for her family, leaving her to work low paying jobs.She has worked her whole life to give her children the most and best she can. This has included working 12 to 14 hour shifts and then rushing home to make sure her kids had dinner party and did their homework. She has always strived to keep her family happy, safe, and united. Her children are grown now and she maintains a good relationship with them. Now that her children are grown, she feels a sense of emptiness. She admits to feeling an overtake amount of sadness when thinking of how her house was once filled with her childrens laughter and now is so em pty.There have been days when she feels she may be depressed. On these days she has to force herself to get out of bed and doesnt feel like eating. She knows this is not good for her and affects her diabetes. She has noticed when she is feeling this way, her blood sugar drops. On the other hand, remembering all the strange times she has lived with her family brings a smile to her face. Mrs. M has always made her kids her number one priority and feels they have not let her down. Knowing that her kids are positive and productive members of society gives her a sense of accomplishment.She has a burn off on her face every time she speaks of her kids. It makes her feel proud, loved, and special to know she has a family she can depend on, regardless of the situation. In assessing Mrs. Ms developmental variable, I determined that the depression she deals with is a major stressor. Mrs. Ms family is a major resource. Health Learning Needs after(prenominal) speaking with Mrs. M, her main co ncern is incorporating healthy meals and eating habits into her lifestyle. She feels cooking healthy is something she has always struggled with and would like to get more entropy as to how to cook healthy meals.Mrs. M has made it clear that she is a visual and hands on learner. She needs to first see it and then do it in order to better run into a task. Due to this information, I deal Mrs. M would benefit from a website that plays videos and has live demonstrations. Learning resource My recommendation to Mrs. M is that she visits the American Diabetes Association website at www. diabetes. org. This website has a lot of information that is helpful to anyone with type 2 diabetes. Mrs. M would benefit from the Food and seaworthiness tab.Under this tab she can find information on what type of foods she should be eating, healthy recipes, and helps in planning meals. There is also information about fitness and weight loss. There are great exercise ideas which will help Mrs. M get motiv ated to lose weight. This website offers live videos which will help with her visual learning need. Conclusion In summary, the NSM aims to promote a clients optimal wellness. This model helps us see beyond just the objective clinical manifestations, which we are trained to observe. It helps us understand our clients on a whole new level, an interpersonal and holistic level.By complete an accurate NSM assessment, we see how culture, economic resources, spirituality, and family affect a clients disease process. With the help of the NSM, I was able learn more about Mrs. M, assess her learning need, and provide a trustworthy and reliable resource from which she can benefit from. The www. diabetes. org website will teach her how she can maintain a healthy weight by incorporating healthy cooking in her lifestyle. References Olokoba, A. B. , Obateru, O. A. , Olokoba, L. B. (2012). Diabetes Mellitus A Review of Current Trends. Oman Medical Journal, 27(4), 269-273. oi10. 5001/omj. 2012. 68 Mosorovic, N. , Brkic, S. , Nuhbegovic, S. , Pranjic, N. (2012). Quality of life of people with Diabetes Mellitus. Healthmed, 6(7), 1076-1080. Demirbag, B. (2012). Neuman system model as a conceptual framework for community-based nurses when working with patients. Healthmed, 6(7), 2438-2445. Craven, R. F. , Hirnle, C. J. (2009). Fundamentals of Nursing. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) (February 2011). Fast fact on Diabetes. Retrieved from http//diabetes. niddk. nih. gov/dm/pubs/statistics/fast