Notes on Chemical Bonding :: Chemistry

Chemical notes on hamperingIonic attach-This occurs amongst metals and non metals-Fe2+/3+, Cu+/2+, Zn2+, No3- -Metals loose negatrons, non metals gain electrons. -Ionic compounds draw electricity when dissolved, but not when solid, they besides fetch high m & b points due to strong giant 3d lattice. They are also soluble in water as they have a pip-Metal atoms always form positive charged electrons while non metals from negatively charged electronsMetallic Bonding-They conduct electricity due to a sea of delocalised electrons-They have a lattice of positive atoms. -Transition metals afford both S and D electrons in the sea of electrons-The attraction is between the ions and mobile valence electrons and not between the layers, this means they can obviate over each other-The large the number of valence electrons and the littler the atoms and the stronger the metallic bonding Covalent bonding-Between non metals with high electron values -Can have single, double, or triple bond sBond distinctiveness C C single bond, longest type of bond (154) nevertheless is the easiest to break (346)C=C double bond, second longest bond (134) and second hardest to break (598)C=C triple bond, smallest bond (121) heretofore is the hardest to break (837)Predicting the type of bonding(1) From negativityElectronegativity is the potence of an instalment/atom to pull electrons towards itself. Metals have a actually low electronegativity as they lose electrons in ionic bonding, however non metals have a higher electronegativity as they gain electrons in ionic bonding.(2) From stick in the periodic tableMetal + non metal = ionic bondingNon metal + non metal = covalent bonding Simple molecular social organisationMolecular covalent bonds have low m & b points because of lite intermolecular forces called Van Der Waals forces. (more on this later)Giant covalent structuresDiamond and black lead both have these structures but they are very different. They both have a giant lat tice with strong covalent bonds, in the depicted object of Diamond it is 3d and very hard to break in any way, however with graphite it is only 2d so can be broken if cracked in a certain way. These structures have very high melting and boiling points. BuckminsterfullerereA family of ball shaped C-molecules in which there are around 60 atoms which are found in ball shapes. Uses are being investigated in nano-thecnology. These substances are soluble in non-polar solventsPolar bondsThe larger the difference in electronegativity the greater the strength of the polar bond. Now the hard stuff